Celiac Disease Symptoms, Diagnosed, and Treatment

Celiac Disease Symptoms - Celiac Disease is an inherited autoimmune disorder that results in inflammation and/or damage of the absorptive surfaces of the small intestine. The response occurs with the ingestion of a protein called Gluten, typically found in wheat, rye, and barley.  The response can be activated by stress, viral infection, pregnancy, illness or surgery.

• Celiac Disease is also known as gluten sensitive enteropathy, sprue or celiac sprue.  The prevalence is 1 out of 133 people in the United States according to the Center for Celiac Research at the University of Maryland.  This equates to 1.5 million Americans, with only 15,000 diagnosed or 1% of population.  

• Occurrence in people with a first-degree relative (parent, child) is 1 in 22.  It occurs in 70% of identical twin pairs, but both twins may not get the disease. 

• 97% of people with celiac disease have the genetic markers Human Leucocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 and / or DQ8.  30% of the U.S. population has DQ2 or DQ8 alleles.

• Type 1 diabetes and celiac disease are found on the same region of a specific HLA gene.  This is also a location for many other autoimmune diseases.

Symptoms of Celiac Disease:

What is Cholera: Causes, Diagnosed and Prevention

What Is Cholera

Cholera is an acute infectious disease, characterised by profuse watery diarrhoea. It is caused by a Gram-negative bacterium: Vibrio cholerae O1 (the characters O1 indicate the serogroup). It is a very small, motile, curved bacterium (vibrio is the Greek word for comma). There is a single polar flagellum. Various subtypes exist, with classification according to biological and biochemical behaviour (biotypes) and serological characteristics (serotypes). 

Analysis of rRNA-genes (ribotyping), electrophoretic typing of multiple enzymes (zymovars) and bacteriophage typing are used in epidemiological research. Until 1992 it was thought that bacteria causing cholera must belong to V. cholerae, serogroup O1 and that they must be toxicogenic (must possess and express the genes for toxins). 

Insomnia Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

What is insomnia? 
Having insomnia means you often have trouble falling or staying asleep or going back to sleep if you awaken. Insomnia can be either a short-term or a long-term problem. Insomnia affects 1 in 3 adults every year in the US.

Insomnia symptoms
Symptoms include:

• trouble falling asleep (taking longer than 45 minutes)
• awakening often in the night
• waking up early in the morning and being unable to go back to sleep
• not feeling rested in the morning or feeling tired during the day
• restlessness or anxiety as bedtime approaches.

Vaginitis Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

What is Vaginitis?

• Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina that can cause a discharge, itching or pain.

• Vaginitis is an infection or irritation in and around your vagina.

Causes

Anything that infects or irritates your vagina can cause vaginitis. Sometimes sexual activity can cause vaginitis, either because of irritation or infection. Yeast infections and bacterial infections that are not sexually transmitted can cause vaginitis. Irritation from chemicals such as douches, soaps, bubble bath and spermicides can cause vaginitis. There are a few different types of vaginitis and the causes are a little different:

Cervical Cancer Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is Cervical Cancer?

• Cervical cancer occurs when there is an abnormal growth of cells in the cervix that grow uncontrollably and have the ability to destroy normal body tissue. 
• Older women are most at risk for developing cervical cancer. 
• Each year, more than 12,000 women in the US find out that they have cervical cancer, and approximately 4,000 die from it.

Causes

• Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus, are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases. 
• The immune system in most women prevents the virus from doing harm, but in some women it can survive for years before it eventually converts some cells on the surface into cancer cells.

Anemia Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Anemia is a blood disorder that is defined as:

• a level of red blood cells (RBCs) that is below normal, or
• a level of hemoglobin that is below normal (hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells).

There are several forms of anemia, such as:

• iron deficiency anemia
• hemolytic anemia (destruction of RBCs)
• vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia
• folic acid deficiency anemia
• anemias caused by inherited abnormalities of RBCs (for example, sickle cell anemia and thalassemia)
• anemia caused by chronic (ongoing) disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Goiter Symptoms, Signs, and Treatment

What is Goiter

Goiter is Enlargement of the thyroid gland causing a swelling in the front part of the neck

Etiology:

1. is a non-specific indication of thyroid pathology

2. there are many causes for thyroid enlargement:

a.     Grave’s disease (hyperthyroidism)

b.     Plummer’s disease (toxic multinodular goiter)

c.      toxic adenoma

d.     silent thyroiditis

e.     hypothyroidism

f.      congenital goiter (this can occur with or without hypothyroidism and is classified into tyypes based upon the causative defect: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis (aka. DeQuervain’s thyroiditis), euthryoid goiter (aka. Non-toxic nodular goiter, simple/endemic/non-toxic diffuse goiter)